Gambling is placing something of value (typically money) at risk on an event that involves a significant element of chance and the potential to win a substantial sum. It is a common activity that has been part of human culture since prerecorded history, including in many local customs and rites of passage.
For most people, gambling is a harmless recreational activity. However, a small group of individuals develop serious gambling problems that can lead to serious personal, family and financial consequences. These individuals are known as compulsive gamblers. Over the years, scientists have studied the psychological and medical aspects of pathological gambling. They have developed a variety of definitions and warning signs. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)—the official guide to mental health disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association—currently includes 10 warning signs of compulsive gambling.
The term “gambling” encompasses all types of wagering and betting, from putting a penny in a slot machine to making millions in a fantasy sports league. It is most commonly associated with the purchase of lottery tickets or casino games, but it can also include betting on sporting events, online poker, video gambling, DIY investing and scratch-off cards. Many young people, especially boys and men, are vulnerable to developing gambling disorders, and up to 5% of those who gamble will have a problem with it.
Research has shown that some people may be genetically predisposed to thrill-seeking behaviors and impulsivity. These factors can contribute to the development of a gambling addiction and make it difficult for them to recognize their behavior as problematic. Other factors that can influence the development of a gambling problem are mood disorders, such as depression, stress and substance abuse. These mood disorders can both trigger gambling problems and worsen them. Mood disorders can also affect how people respond to negative emotions, such as boredom, and cause them to seek distractions, such as gambling.
Those with a gambling problem often feel the need to keep their habit secretive and lie to others about how much they spend, or even to themselves. They may also try to compensate for their feelings by drinking heavily or by socializing with friends who also gamble. They may also engage in irrational spending patterns or increase their bets, trying to recoup lost money.
If you think you may have a problem with gambling, the first step is to seek help. Talk to your doctor, and consider joining a support group such as Gamblers Anonymous, which is based on the 12-step model used by Alcoholics Anonymous. You can also find out about healthier ways to relieve unpleasant feelings, such as exercising, socializing with non-gambling friends or taking up a new hobby. You can also try to find more fulfilling ways to spend your free time, such as volunteering for a worthy cause or reading a book. It is also important to always tip your dealer—cash or chips—even if you’re only winning a few dollars.